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- Short-term results of bilateral S2-S4 sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, and chronic pelvic pain.
Zabihi N, Mourtzinos A, Maher MG, et al. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2008;19: 553-7 PMID: 17925994.
• in refractory patients, bilateral caudal neuromodulation is a possible alternative mode of treatment, which appears to improve both pain and voiding symptoms at 6 months follow-up
• larger randomized studies are needed
- A prospective, single-blind, randomized crossover trial of sacral vs pudendal nerve stimulation for interstitial cystitis.
Peters KM, Feber KM, Bennett RC. BJU Int 2007;100:835-9
• first "blinded" study of SNS vs PNS for IC
• PNS was considered better than SNS by most patients
- Reprogramming Requirements After Sacral Nerve Stimulator Implantation: Correlation With Preoperative Indication.
Maxwell KM, Clemens JQ, Mazzenga L, Kielb SJ. J Urol 2008;179:549-51
- Bilateral s3 stimulator in patients with interstitial cystitis.
Steinberg AC, Oyama IA, Whitmore KE. Urology 2007;69:441-3
• this retrospective study demonstrated that 15 patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis with the symptoms of frequency, urgency, and pain had a significant decrease in frequency and nocturia with bilateral stimulator placement
- Current opinion on the working mechanisms of neuromodulation in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Van der Pal F, Heesakkers JP, Bemelmans BL. Curr Opin Urol 2006;16:261-7
- Neuromodulation in intractable interstitial cystitis and related pelvic pain syndromes.
Brookoff D, Bennett DS. Pain Med 2006;7 Suppl 1:S1 66-84
- Expanding indications for neuromodulation.
Bernstein AJ, Peters KM. Urol Clin North Am 2005;32:59-63
- Sacral neuromodulation: long-term experience of one center.
Elhilali MM, Khaled SM, Kashiwabara T, Elzayat E, Corcos J. Urology 2005;65:1114-7
- Sacral neuromodulation decreases narcotic requirements in refractory interstitial cystitis.
Peter KM, Konstandt D. BJU Int 2004;93:777-9
