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| contemporary management | CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT OF THE PAINFUL BLADDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Giannantoni A, Bini V, Dmochowski R, Hanno P, Nickel JC, Proietti S, Wyndaele JJ. Eur Urol. 2012 Jan;61(1):29-53. Epub 2011 Sep 9. PMID: 21920661 Free access A review of data from a wide range of current therapeutic approaches to PBS/IC, quantifying the effect size from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and determining the efficacy of treatments for PBS/IC. They concluded that limited evidence exists for the few treatments for PBS/IC. The lack of definitive conclusions is due to the great heterogeneity in methods used, assessment of symptoms, duration of treatment, and follow-up in both RCTs and nRCTs. |
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| pharmacological treatment | THE FUTURE OF PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT FOR BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS: LESSONS FROM A META-ANALYSIS. Cruz F. Eur Urol. 2012 Jan;61(1):54-5. Epub 2011 Sep 28.PMID: 21975250 Editorial, Free Access In this editorial, F. Cruz notes that the article by Giannantoni et al provides overwhelming evidence for urgent profound reflection on the direction of study into BPS/IC. He also comments that a fundamental step in the understanding of BPS/IC is agreement on a single, clear definition. |
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| BPIC-SS | THE BLADDER PAIN/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS SYMPTOM SCORE: DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF A CUT SCORE. Humphrey L, Arbuckle R, Moldwin R, Nordling J, van de Merwe JP, Meunier J, Crook T, Abraham L. Eur Urol. 2012 Feb;61(2):271-9. Epub 2011 Oct 18. PMID: 22050826 This Bladder Pain/Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Score (BPIC-SS) was developed in response to a felt need for a patient-reported symptom-based instrument for clinical trial eligibility of bladder pain/interstitial cystitis patients. It was concluded that the BPIC-SS is a reliable, valid, and appropriate questionnaire to select bladder pain/interstitial cystitis patients for clinical trials. |
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| hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate | THE ROLE OF SODIUM HYALURONATE AND SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULPHATE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER DISEASE. Damiano R, Cicione A. Ther Adv Urol. 2011 Oct;3(5):223-32. PMID: 22046200 Free Access The aim of this article was to review the current evidence on the clinic applications of GAGs in urology, with particular emphasis on the therapeutic use of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). The major issue in interpreting the available evidence regarding HA-CS is that most of the reported studies are nonrandomized and without a control arm. HA-CS may be considered for further studies, including randomized, controlled trials with adequate power. |
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| relief from pain and urgency | ALKALINIZED LIDOCAINE AND HEPARIN PROVIDE IMMEDIATE RELIEF OF PAIN AND URGENCY IN PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS. Parsons CL, Zupkas P, Proctor J, Koziol J, Franklin A, Giesing D, Davis E, Lakin CM, Kahn BS, Garner WJ. J Sex Med. 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02542.x. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 22082303 The results of this study indicate that the combination of alkalinized lidocaine and heparin provides up to 12 hours of relief from urgency and pain associated with IC. This combination provides significant immediate relief of symptoms for patients with IC. |
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| global concepts | GLOBAL CONCEPTS OF BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME (INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS). Nordling J, Fall M, Hanno P. World J Urol. 2011 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 22057291 This article reviews current terminology, diagnostic approaches and treatment. The authors conclude that BPS is no longer considered primarily a bladder disease, but rather one of a number of chronic pain syndromes that is distinguished by being manifest through bladder-related symptoms. A distinct subgroup of patients with Hunner's lesion has specific characteristics, and successful treatment of this subgroup is available. |
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| genetic component | BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS IN TWIN SISTERS. Tunitsky E, Barber MD, Jeppson PC, Nutter B, Jelovsek JE, Ridgeway B. J Urol. 2012 Jan;187(1):148-52. Epub 2011 Nov 16. PMID: 22088343 In this study bladder pain syndrome scores within twin pairs were moderately correlated, implying some genetic component. Increasing age, irritable bowel syndrome, frequent headaches, drug allergies, self-reported urinary tract infections and physical abuse were factors associated with higher bladder pain syndrome scores. |
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| quality of life | VALIDATION OF A QUALITY-OF-LIFE SCALE FOR WOMEN WITH BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS. Bogart LM, Suttorp MJ, Elliott MN, Clemens JQ, Berry SH. Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 22146841 The aim of this study was to validate a disease-specific scale to measure the impact of symptoms of BPS/IC. Participants for the study were drawn from the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology (RICE) Study, a telephone probability survey of 146,231 US households. The authors concluded that the RICE BSI-6 shows excellent internal consistency and strong convergent validity and that it can be used to examine the effects of psychosocial and treatment interventions on QoL among women with BPS/IC. |
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| gender specific pelvic pain | GENDER SPECIFIC PELVIC PAIN SEVERITY IN NEUROGENIC CYSTITIS. Rudick CN, Pavlov VI, Chen MC, Klumpp DJ. J Urol. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 22177208 Rudick et al examined the basis of gender specific pelvic pain in a mouse model of neurogenic cystitis that recapitulates features of IC/PBS and in which pelvic pain is mediated by mast cell histamine. Their findings suggest that pelvic pain in mice with murine neurogenic cystitis is mediated by gender specific responsiveness to mast cells while pelvic pain severity is modulated by genetic factors. |
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| sexual trauma | CHILDHOOD SEXUAL TRAUMA IN WOMEN WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME: A CASE CONTROL STUDY. Nickel JC, Tripp DA, Pontari M, Moldwin R, Mayer R, Carr LK, Doggweiler R, Yang CC, Mishra N, Nordling J. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011 Dec;5(6):410-5. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11110. PMID: 22154637 Free Access The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and impact of childhood traumatic events, with an emphasis on childhood sexual abuse, on patient symptoms, quality of life and other biopsychosocial parameters. None of the findings remained significant in either the IC/BPS or control groups. Early trauma, such as the occurrence of sexual abuse, is associated with some differences in patient adjustment (e.g., pain, quality of life, depression) but this impact appears to be, at most, very modest. |
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| central pain mechanisms | CENTRAL PAIN MECHANISMS IN CHRONIC PAIN STATES - MAYBE IT IS ALL IN THEIR HEAD. |
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| management | CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT OF THE PAINFUL BLADDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Giannantoni A, Bini V, Dmochowski R, Hanno P, Nickel JC, Proietti S, Wyndaele JJ. Eur Urol. 2011 Sep 9. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21920661 Authors critically review and synthesize data from a wide range of current therapeutic approaches to PBS/IC, to quantify the effect size from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and to reach clinical agreement on the efficacy of treatments for PBS/IC. They concluded however that limited evidence exists for the few treatments for PBS/IC. The lack of definitive conclusions is due to the great heterogeneity in methods used, assessment of symptoms, duration of treatment, and follow-up in both RCTs and nonRCTs. |
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| core urinary tract symptoms | CORE LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOM SCORE (CLSS) FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF FEMALE LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Fujimura T, Kume H, Tsurumaki Y, Yoshimura Y, Hosoda C, Suzuki M, Fukuhara H, Enomoto Y, Nishimatsu H, Homma Y. Int J Urol. 2011 Sep 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02848.x. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21951201 The authors conclude that the IPSS alone does not fully evaluate female LUTS, with a possible negative impact on QOL. They suggest that using the CLSS questionnaire would enable a simple and comprehensive assessment of female LUTS. |
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| symptom variability | SYMPTOM PROFILE VARIABILITY OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/PAINFUL BLADDER SYNDROME BY AGE. Rais-Bahrami S, Friedlander JI, Herati AS, Sadek MA, Ruzimovsky M, Moldwin RM. BJU Int. 2011 Aug 24. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10481.x. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21883848 Authors conclude that patients with IC/PBS analysed across a wide spectrum of ages at time of diagnosis portrayed a unique symptom profile pattern. Patients diagnosed at the youngest ages experienced significantly more urinary urgency, frequency, dysuria, dyspareunia and pain in their external genitalia, while older patients had higher rates of nocturia, urinary incontinence and Hunner's ulcer disease. |
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| highlights from workshop | UPDATE ON UROLOGIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROMES: HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE 2010 INTERNATIONAL CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP, AUGUST 29, 2010, KINGSTON, ONTARIO, CANADA. Nickel JC, Tripp D, Gordon A, Pontari M, Shoskes D, Peters KM, Doggweiler R, Baranowski AP. Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):39-49. PMID: 21826127 Free full article This comprehensive review represents an update on urologic chronic pelvic pain based on the proceedings of this meeting. |
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| vulvovaginal fungal infections | REPEATED VULVOVAGINAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS CAUSE PERSISTENT PAIN IN A MOUSE MODEL OF VULVODYNIA. |
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| IC/PBS types | ARE ULCERATIVE AND NONULCERATIVE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/PAINFUL BLADDER SYNDROME 2 DISTINCT DISEASES? A STUDY OF COEXISTING CONDITIONS. Peters KM, Killinger KA, Mounayer MH, Boura JA. Urology. 2011 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21703668 The authors compare comorbid diagnoses/symptoms in women with ulcerative (ULC) and nonulcerative (N-ULC) IC/PBS and controls. Notable differences in the number of comorbid diagnoses and symptoms were seen between IC/PBS subtypes and controls. Subtypes should continue to be evaluated individually to ascertain other similarities and differences. |
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| pelvic pain | SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTERNAL PELVIC MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINT WAND FOR UROLOGIC CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME. Anderson R, Wise D, Sawyer T, Nathanson BH. Clin J Pain. 2011 May 25. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21613956 This open-label pilot study from Stanford evaluated the safety of a personal “wand” that enables patient's self-treatment of internal myofascial trigger points in the pelvic floor and its effect in reducing pelvic muscle tenderness. Most patients (95.5%) reported the wand as either very or moderately effective in alleviating pain. |
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| nocturia | Nocturia in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Warren JW, Horne L, Diggs C, Greenberg P, Langenberg PW. Urology 2011 Jun;77(6):1308-12. PMID: 21624590 Explored the roles of pain and urgency in the nocturia (night-time voiding) of patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). Demonstrated that bladder pain might have played a twofold role: directly in awakening a large minority of patients and possibly indirectly in the majority by generating the sensation of urgency. Concluded that these findings are consistent with urinary urgency and bladder pain each being in the causal pathway leading to nocturia in patients with IC/PBS. |
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| AUA Guideline | AUA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Hanno PM, Burks DA, Clemens JQ, Dmochowski RR, Erickson D, Fitzgerald MP, Forrest JB, Gordon B, Gray M, Mayer RD, Newman D, Nyberg L Jr, Payne CK, Wesselmann U, Faraday MM. J Urol 2011 Jun;185(6):2162-70. Epub 2011 Apr 16. PMID: 21497847 A summary of the AUA Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of IC/BPS. According to the panel, IC/BPS is best identified and managed through use of a logical algorithm as is presented in this Guideline. However, the Panel notes that the most effective approach for a particular patient is best determined by the clinician together with the patient. The Panel emphasises that methods of diagnosis and treatment can be expected to change as the evidence base grows in the future and the strategies presented here will require updating. |
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| depression and panic attacks | Depressive disorders and panic attacks in women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a population-based sample. Watkins KE, Eberhart N, Hilton L, Suttorp MJ, Hepner KA, Clemens JQ, Berry SH. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2011 Mar-Apr;33(2):143-9. Epub 2011 Feb 18. PMID: 21596207 This paper from the RAND Corporation reports on the population prevalence of probable depressive disorders and current panic attacks in women with BPS/IC symptoms and describes their characteristics and access to care. The authors suggest that clinicians should be alert to complaints of bladder pain in patients seeking treatment for depressive or anxiety disorders and to complaints of emotional or personal problems in patients seeking treatment for painful bladder symptoms. |
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| AUA 2011 Guidelines | AUA 2011 Guidelines for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. The American Urological Association (AUA) announced its first guideline for the condition the AUA now refers to as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). |
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| central sensitivity syndromes | Central sensitivity syndromes: mounting pathophysiologic evidence to link fibromyalgia with other common chronic pain disorders. Kindler LL, Bennett RM, Jones KD. Pain Manag Nurs 2011;12:15-24. A review on emerging data from the fields of nursing, rheumatology, dentistry, gastroenterology, gynecology, neurology, and orthopedics that support or dispute pathophysiologic similarities in pain syndromes studied by each specialty. |
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| Sjögren's syndrome | Interstitial cystitis: a rare manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome, successfully treated with low dose cyclosporine. Emmungil H, Kalfa M, Zihni FY, et al. Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21258795 |
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| bladder pain syndrome | Bladder pain syndrome. Hanno P, Nordling J, Fall M. Med Clin N Am 2011;95:55-73 - A useful review of diagnosis and treatment in detail. |
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| urgency perception | Perceptions of "urgency" in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome or overactive bladder. Clemens JQ, Bogart LM, Liu K, et al. Neurourol Urodyn 2010 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21058364 A study comparing urgency symptoms in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and overactive bladder (OAB). Urgency symptoms differed in women diagnosed with IC/BPS versus those diagnosed with OAB, but there was significant overlap. This suggests that "urgency" is not a well-defined and commonly understood symptom that can be utilized to clearly discriminate between IC/BPS and OAB. These findings reinforce the clinical observation that it is often challenging to differentiate between these two conditions. |
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| phenazopyridine | Effects of phenazopyridine on rat bladder primary afferent activity, and comparison with lidocaine and acetaminophen. Aizawa N, Wyndaele JJ. Neurourol Urodyn 2010 Nov;29(8):1445-50. PMID: 20976818 This study explored the effect of phenazopyridine on afferent nerve activity by direct measurement of both Aδ- and C-fibers in the rat, and compared the outcome with the effects of lidocaine (a local anesthetic) and of acetaminophen (an analgesic). It concluded that phenazopyridine can directly inhibit the mechanosensitive Aδ-fibers in the normal rat bladder. This finding might explain its clinical effect in conditions of bladder hypersensitivity. |
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| spouse and pain | Spousal support decreases the negative impact of pain on mental quality of life in women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Ginting JV, Tripp DA, Nickel JC, et al. BJU Int 2010 Nov 2. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09846.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21050362 This study concluded that distracting spousal responses act to 'buffer' the deleterious effects of pain on mental HRQL for women suffering from IC/PBS. Spousal support training may be a useful HRQL intervention. |
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| evaluation | [CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION IN PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS] [Article in Spanish] Flores-Carreras O, González-Ruiz MI, Martínez-Espinoza CJ, Calderón-Lara SA. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2010 May;78(5):275-80. PMID: 20939238 A useful paper in Spanish concluding that urogynaecologists must consider interstitial cystitis when patients show symptoms of bladder irritability and associated pain with bladder filling. The association of haematuria accompanied by long-term irritability and pain associated with the desire of urination suggests this disease. |
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| bladder biopsy | [CONTRIBUTION BLADDER BIOPSY TO THE STUDY OF UROGYNAECOLOGICAL PATIENT] [Article in Spanish] Flores-Carreras O, Martínez-Espinoza CJ, González-Ruiz MI, Montes-Casillas YE. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2010 Mar;78(3):187-90. PMID: 20939223 This Spanish study supports the practice of bladder biopsy when lesions other than those from chronic infection are observed in the presence of tumours or suspect lesions. |
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| intravesical hyalurnan | Long-Term Results Of Intravesical Hyaluronan Therapy In Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis. Engelhardt PF, Morakis N, Daha LK, et al. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2010 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20938644 The study concluded that besides a high rate of acute symptom remission, intravesical hyaluronan also shows long-term efficacy in a considerable number of BPS/IC patients. |
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| bladder symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome | Multifactorial Causes Of Irritating Bladder Symptoms In Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome. Lee KL, Dong CS, Chen MY, Ho CH, Tai HC, Hung SF, Yu HJ. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Oct 6. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20928912 Various factors contribute to the irritating bladder symptoms in patients with SS, with DO being predominant. The LUTS developed in patients with SS are not due to any specific single etiology and each patient must be individually carefully evaluated. |
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| Management strategies | Management Strategies for Painful Bladder Syndrome. Lau TC, Bengtson JM. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Spring;3(2):42-48. PMID: 20842281 - Management of PBS/IC has been a challenge for generations of physicians, owing to a lack of consensus on its definition, an incompletely understood pathophysiology, and numerous available therapies without high-quality evidence to guide their usage. - This article reviews the most current conception of PBS/IC and data on effective treatments to recommend a management strategy. |
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| YKL-40 and mast cells | YKL-40 and mast cells are associated with detrusor fibrosis in patients diagnosed with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis according to the 2008 criteria of the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis. Richter B, Roslind A, Hesse U, Nordling J, Johansen JS, Horn T, Hansen AB. Histopathology. 2010 Sep;57(3):371-383. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03640.x. PMID: 20840668 - The aims of this study were to examine YKL-40 antigenic expression in bladder tissue and levels in serum and urine in BPS/IC and to evaluate whether YKL-40 could be a non-invasive, prognostic biomarker for bladder fibrogenesis and treatment intensity. - It was concluded that YKL-40 may be used as non-invasive biomarkers in BPS/IC for the evaluation of bladder fibrogenesis. |
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| Mast cell density | Does mast cell density predict the outcome after transurethral resection of Hunner's lesions in patients with type 3C bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis? Rössberger J, Fall M, Gustafsson CK, Peeker R. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2010 Sep 13. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20836664 - This study aimed to assess mast cell density in the lamina propria for possible correlation with duration of symptom amelioration after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB). - It was concluded that mast cell density does not appear to correlate with duration of symptom amelioration after complete transurethral resection of Hunner's lesions, either in the lamina propria or in the urothelium or detrusor. |
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| NGF in UT diseases | Urinary nerve growth factor levels in urinary tract diseases with or without frequency urgency symptoms. Kuo HC, Liu HT, Tyagi P, Chancellor MB. LUTS 2010 Sept;2(2):88-94 - The results of this study indicate that urinary NGF is not produced solely in patients with OAB or IC/PBS. Acute bacterial cystitis, urinary tract stones and urothelial cell carcinoma can have high urinary NGF production. |
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| Gating | Gating of sensory information differs in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Kilpatrick LA, Ornitz E, Ibrahimovic H, Hubbard CS, Rodríguez LV, Mayer EA, Naliboff BD. J Urol. 2010 Sep;184(3):958-63. PMID: 20643444 - Compared to healthy controls, female patients with IC/PBS had decreased ability to adequately filter incoming information and perform appropriate sensorimotor gating. These results suggest that a possible mechanism for altered interoceptive information processing in IC/PBS cases may be a general deficit in filtering mechanisms due to altered pre-attentive processing. |
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| IC/PBS & associated conditions | Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome and Associated Medical Conditions with an Emphasis on Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Nickel JC, Tripp DA, Pontari M, Moldwin R, Mayer R, Carr LK, Doggweiler R, Yang CC, Mishra N, Nordling J. J Urol. 2010 Oct;184(4):1358-63. Epub 2010 Aug 17. PMID: 20719340 - Irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome are more prevalent in patients with IC/PBS than in asymptomatic control subjects, and result in significant impact. There are at least 3 distinct clinical phenotypes based on identification of overlapping syndrome patterns. |
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| SNM female LUT | Sacral neuromodulations for female lower urinary tract, pelvic floor, and bowel disorders. Wehbe SA, Whitmore K, Ho MH. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Oct;22(5):414-9. PMID: 20724927 - This review concludes that the major advantage of SNM lies in its potential to treat the bladder, urethral sphincter, anal sphincters, and pelvic floor muscles simultaneously, which might result in better therapeutic effects. |
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| OAB | The Overlap of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome and Overactive Bladder. Chung MK, Butrick CW, Chung CW. JSLS 2010 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20412643 - this prospective study evaluated the prevalence of positive potassium sensitivity and cystoscopy in patients with overactive bladder - it was found that many patients with OAB symptoms but little or no pain have cystoscopic evidence of IC/PBS and a positive potassium test - this suggests that OAB patients who have (partially) failed anticholinergic treatment may benefit from IC/PBS therapies |
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| prevalence of PBS/IC symptoms in Korea | Prevalence of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis-like symptoms in women: a population-based study in Korea. Choe JH, Son H, Song YS, et al. World J Urol 2010 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20340026 - this study estimated the prevalence of PBS/IC-like urinary symptoms in adult women in the general population of South Korea - it was concluded that the prevalence of PBS/IC-like urinary symptoms in South Korean women appeared to be lower than in Europe and the USA, and similar to that of Japan |
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| definition of IC/PBS | Development, Validation and Testing of an Epidemiological Case Definition of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Berry SH, Bogart LM, Pham C, et al. J Urol 2010 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20303099 - in this RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology study, a case definition was developed for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome with known sensitivity and specificity and this definition was compared with other definitions used in epidemiological studies for IC /PBS - it was concluded that no single case definition of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome provides high sensitivity and high specificity to identify the condition - new definitions have therefore been developed for prevalence studies |
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| amitriptyline | Effect of Amitriptyline on Symptoms in Treatment Naïve Patients With Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Foster HE Jr, Hanno PM, Nickel JC, et al. J Urol. 2010 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20303115 - it was found that, seen overall, amitriptyline did not show a significant improvement in IC/PBS patients who had received no previous treatments; however, a significantly higher rate of improvement compared to the placebo group was found in the patients who had managed to take at least 50 mg amitriptyline a day. |
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| amitriptyline | Long-term results of amitriptyline treatment for interstitial cystitis. Hertle L, van Ophoven A. Aktuelle Urol 2010;41(S 01):S61-S65. - in this study it was found that long-term use of amitriptyline is feasible, safe and effective as long as care is taken with the dosage to minimise side effects |
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| botox | Trigonal Injection of Botulinum Toxin A in Patients with Refractory Bladder Pain
Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis. Pinto R, Lopes T, Frias B, et al. Eur Urol 2010 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 20227820 - this study indicated that trigonal injection of BoNTA improved lower urinary tract symptoms, including pain and frequency, in all the participating patients |
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| urinary nerve growth factor | Increased nerve growth factor in neurogenic overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis patients. Jacobs BL, Smaldone MC, Tyagi V, et al. Can J Urol 2010;17:4989-94 - urinary NGF levels were statistically significantly elevated in patients with neurogenic overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome; urinary NGF levels approached significance in nephrolithiasis patients and levels in patients with bladder cancer were in the range as in those with nephrolithiasis - the results are difficult to interprete due to the small number of persons in each group: non-diseased urinary tracts (n = 13), neurogenic overactive bladder (NOAB) (n = 13), idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) (n = 17), interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) (n = 8), prostate cancer (n = 7), history of prostate cancer status post robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) (n = 6), active bladder cancer (n = 4), and nephrolithiasis (n = 4) |
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| EAU guidelines for chronic pelvic pain | EAU Guidelines on Chronic Pelvic Pain. Fall M, Baranowski AP, Elneil S, et al. Eur Urol 2010;57:35-48 |
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| review articles | see also: scientific reviews, dissertations and educational articles | |
| archive | selected literature in 2009 and 2008 - 2007 - 2006 - 2005 - 2004 and before |
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